The Instinct MI60 has 32 GB of graphics memory, read at 1,024 GB/s. In a workstation with 256 GB of DDR5-6400 in eight channels, 55 of the 88 open models here run entirely on the card, 54 of them writing faster than you read; the most capable it runs well is Qwen3 32B at Q6_K, 11–17 tokens/s. 30 more run with part of the model in system memory, more slowly.
Every figure is for an 8,192-token conversation (about 6,000 words), at the best compression that fits. Try it in the calculator with your own memory, conversation length and compression, or a second card. For image and video models, see Stable Diffusion, FLUX and Wan on the Instinct MI60.
The fastest way to run a model: all of it in graphics memory. Most people read at 5 to 8 tokens a second, so anything above 10 feels quick.
| Model | Compression | Writes | Needs |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mistral Medium 3.5 128B | IQ1_S | 11–18 tokens/s | 28 GB |
| Qwen2.5 72B | Q2_K | 11–17 tokens/s | 30 GB |
| Llama 3.3 70B | Q2_K | 11–18 tokens/s | 29 GB |
| Flint 40B-A2.5B | Q5_K_M | 105–165 tokens/s | 28 GB |
| Qwen3.6 35B-A3B | Q6_K | 85–135 tokens/s | 30 GB |
| Qwen3 32B | Q6_K | 11–17 tokens/s | 29 GB |
| Nemotron 3.5 Lightning 30B-A3B | Q6_K | 87–140 tokens/s | 26 GB |
| Gemma 4 31B | Q6_K | 11–18 tokens/s | 27 GB |
| GLM-4.7 Flash | Q6_K | 82–130 tokens/s | 26 GB |
| Qwen3 30B-A3B 2507 | Q6_K | 74–120 tokens/s | 26 GB |
| Qwen3 Coder 30B-A3B | Q6_K | 74–120 tokens/s | 26 GB |
| Muse Glimmer 30B | Q6_K | 12–20 tokens/s | 25 GB |
| Granite 4.2 30B | Q6_K | 12–19 tokens/s | 26 GB |
| Qwen3.6 27B | Q8_0 | 10–16 tokens/s | 30 GB |
| Qwen3.8 27B | Q8_0 | 10–16 tokens/s | 30 GB |
| Gemma 3 27B | Q8_0 | 10–16 tokens/s | 30 GB |
| Gemma 4 26B-A4B | Q8_0 | 57–92 tokens/s | 28 GB |
| Mistral Small 3.2 24B | Q8_0 | 12–19 tokens/s | 27 GB |
| Devstral Small 2 24B | Q8_0 | 12–19 tokens/s | 27 GB |
| LFM2.5 24B-A2B | Q8_0 | 82–130 tokens/s | 26 GB |
| gpt-oss 20B | MXFP4 | 94–150 tokens/s | 12 GB |
| Qwen3 14B | Q8_0 | 18–30 tokens/s | 17 GB |
| Phi-4 | Q8_0 | 18–30 tokens/s | 17 GB |
| Ministral 3 14B | Q8_0 | 20–31 tokens/s | 16 GB |
| Gemma 3 12B | Q8_0 | 22–36 tokens/s | 14 GB |
| Gemma 4 12B | Q8_0 | 23–37 tokens/s | 13 GB |
| Qwen3.5 9B | Q8_0 | 29–46 tokens/s | 11 GB |
| Ornith 1.5 9B | Q8_0 | 29–46 tokens/s | 11 GB |
| Ministral 3 8B | Q8_0 | 30–48 tokens/s | 11 GB |
| Granite 4.2 8B | Q8_0 | 30–48 tokens/s | 11 GB |
| Qwen3 8B | Q8_0 | 32–51 tokens/s | 9.9 GB |
| DeepSeek R1 0528 Qwen3 8B | Q8_0 | 32–51 tokens/s | 9.9 GB |
| Llama 3.1 8B | Q8_0 | 33–53 tokens/s | 9.6 GB |
| Gemma 4 E4B | Q8_0 | 60–96 tokens/s | 8.7 GB |
| Qwen2.5 7B | Q8_0 | 36–57 tokens/s | 8.6 GB |
| Mistral 7B v0.3 | Q8_0 | 36–58 tokens/s | 8.8 GB |
| Gemma 4 E2B | Q8_0 | 115–180 tokens/s | 5.5 GB |
| Qwen3.5 4B | Q8_0 | 58–92 tokens/s | 5.2 GB |
| Gemma 3 4B | Q8_0 | 61–98 tokens/s | 4.9 GB |
| Qwen3 4B 2507 | Q8_0 | 60–96 tokens/s | 5.5 GB |
| Ministral 3 3B | Q8_0 | 64–105 tokens/s | 5.0 GB |
| Phi-4-mini | Q8_0 | 63–100 tokens/s | 5.2 GB |
| Granite 4.2 3B | Q8_0 | 69–110 tokens/s | 4.6 GB |
| Llama 3.2 3B | Q8_0 | 74–120 tokens/s | 4.4 GB |
| SmolLM3 3B | Q8_0 | 80–130 tokens/s | 3.9 GB |
| Qwen3.5 2B | Q8_0 | 115–180 tokens/s | 2.5 GB |
| Qwen3 1.7B | Q8_0 | 105–170 tokens/s | 3.1 GB |
| LFM3 1.7B | Q8_0 | 145–230 tokens/s | 1.9 GB |
| Llama 3.2 1B | Q8_0 | 180–290 tokens/s | 1.6 GB |
| Gemma 3 1B | Q8_0 | 230–370 tokens/s | 1.1 GB |
| Qwen3.5 0.8B | Q8_0 | 250–405 tokens/s | 1.0 GB |
| Qwen3 0.6B | Q8_0 | 205–325 tokens/s | 1.7 GB |
| SmolLM2 360M | Q8_0 | 385–615 tokens/s | 0.7 GB |
| LFM2.5 350M | Q8_0 | 460–735 tokens/s | 0.5 GB |
| Gemma 3 270M | Q8_0 | 555–890 tokens/s | 0.3 GB |
In a workstation with 256 GB of DDR5-6400 in eight channels, these fit with part of the model in system memory. The processor reads that part several times more slowly, so they write more slowly the more of them is off the card.
| Model | On the card | Writes | Needs |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kimi K2.6 | 15% | 8.0–13 tokens/s | 206 GB |
| Mistral Large 4 1T-A52B | 11% | 3.6–5.7 tokens/s | 276 GB |
| Inkling 975B-A41B | 11% | 4.5–7.2 tokens/s | 269 GB |
| Muse Spark Open 816B-A42B | 14% | 4.4–7.0 tokens/s | 227 GB |
| DeepSeek V4.1 Flash | 15% | 12–19 tokens/s | 210 GB |
| GLM-5.3 753B | 15% | 3.8–6.1 tokens/s | 208 GB |
| DeepSeek V3.2 | 12% | 3.7–6.0 tokens/s | 258 GB |
| DeepSeek R1 0528 | 12% | 3.7–6.0 tokens/s | 257 GB |
| Qwen3 Coder 480B-A35B | 31% | 7.9–13 tokens/s | 98 GB |
| MiniMax M3.1 Flash 428B-A23B | 26% | 8.7–14 tokens/s | 119 GB |
| Llama 3.1 405B | 12% | 0.22–0.35 tokens/s | 250 GB |
| Qwen3.5 397B-A17B | 20% | 8.6–14 tokens/s | 152 GB |
| Llama 4 Maverick 400B-A17B | 20% | 7.8–13 tokens/s | 152 GB |
| GLM-4.7 355B-A32B | 41% | 9.0–14 tokens/s | 75 GB |
| GLM-5.3 Flash 320B-A18B | 26% | 8.7–14 tokens/s | 121 GB |
| MiMo V2.6 Flash 309B-A15B | 20% | 7.6–12 tokens/s | 151 GB |
| Hy3 295B-A21B | 37% | 9.5–15 tokens/s | 84 GB |
| Inkling Small 276B-A12B | 23% | 9.5–15 tokens/s | 135 GB |
| Qwen3 235B-A22B 2507 | 47% | 11–18 tokens/s | 66 GB |
| MiniMax M2.7 230B-A10B | 22% | 8.1–13 tokens/s | 141 GB |
| Step 3.5 Flash | 26% | 8.6–14 tokens/s | 120 GB |
| Qwen3.8 Flash Next | 28% | 16–25 tokens/s | 109 GB |
| Qwen3.5 122B-A10B | 41% | 11–18 tokens/s | 76 GB |
| Nemotron 3.5 Super 120B-A12B | 41% | 9.7–15 tokens/s | 76 GB |
| Mistral Small 4 119B | 42% | 17–28 tokens/s | 73 GB |
| gpt-oss 120B | 48% | 25–40 tokens/s | 64 GB |
| GLM-4.5 Air 106B-A12B | 45% | 9.3–15 tokens/s | 69 GB |
| Llama 4 Scout 109B-A17B | 56% | 9.7–16 tokens/s | 55 GB |
| Qwen3 Coder Next 80B-A3B | 64% | 45–73 tokens/s | 49 GB |
| Nemotron 3.5 Bolt 74B-A9B | 68% | 19–30 tokens/s | 45 GB |
The other 3 need more memory than a workstation with 256 GB of DDR5-6400 in eight channels has; the calculator shows what more memory, or a second card, would add.
Two of them pool 64 GB, enough for 62 of the models entirely on the cards, 7 more than one holds. The most capable that runs well is Qwen3 32B at Q8_0, 8.5–14 tokens/s. A second card adds memory, not speed: a model that already fits on one runs no faster on two.
Tokens per second writing Llama 3.1 8B at 4 bits, which every 8 GB card holds, and the most capable model each runs well on its own. Every card ranked.
| Graphics | Memory | Llama 3.1 8B | Most capable it runs well |
|---|---|---|---|
| Quadro RTX 8000 | 48 GB | 74 | Qwen3 32B |
| Radeon RX 6800 | 16 GB | 73 | Qwen3 14B |
| Radeon VII | 16 GB | 73 | Qwen3 14B |
| Instinct MI60 | 32 GB | 72 | Qwen3 32B |
| Radeon RX 6800 XT | 16 GB | 72 | Qwen3 14B |
| RTX 3070 Ti | 8 GB | 72 | Qwen3.5 9B |
| RTX A4500 | 20 GB | 70 | Muse Glimmer 30B |
Estimated tokens per second; a real figure is usually within a quarter either way. * Part of it in system memory. {CAPABLE_NOTE}
Writing an answer is limited by memory rather than arithmetic: for every word-piece (token) a model writes, the computer reads every weight that token uses once. So the speed is how fast the memory holding the model can be read, divided by how much is read for each token: the model’s weights at the chosen compression, plus the conversation so far. How much of its memory speed each graphics card reaches is measured, not assumed: it comes from the card’s own result in llama.cpp’s benchmark, which LM Studio, Ollama and Jan are built on. A model that does not fit in the graphics card’s memory spills into system memory, five to fifteen times slower, and one that does not fit in memory at all can be read from the drive as it runs, slower again; the estimate counts each part at its own speed, and a processor with few threads cannot use all of fast memory. Graphics built into a processor use system memory, at its speed. Reading a prompt is limited by arithmetic, so it follows the measured prompt speed.
A model that is slower than it should be is nearly always partly on the processor rather than all on the graphics card, which is several times slower — and Ollama does that without a word when something else holds the card’s memory. Bottleneck’s free app checks a model run with Ollama, LM Studio, llama.cpp, KoboldCpp or Jan: where it really runs, how fast it writes, and what your PC should manage with it. Nothing leaves your PC. Or check and fix it by hand.
It reads your parts too: the graphics card and how much memory it really has free, how much system memory is installed, the speed it runs at and in how many channels. Memory left in one channel, or below its rated speed, halves how fast a model runs from it, and Bottleneck says so. Its AI models screen then lists what runs on this PC.
The free version shows where a model runs and how fast, with no time limit and no account. Pro, $9 once, explains why it is slower than it could be and how to fix it. Compare the versions